BRIEF CONTENT OF DISCIPLINES OF “ELECTRO ENERGY SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS” AND SPECIALIZATION
1. Cycle of general science and professional disciplines
Mathematics
Elements of linear algebra and analytic geometry. Introduction to mathematical analysis.
Differential and integral calculus. Elements of functions and functional analysis theories.
Function theory of complex variable. Differential equations. Operating calculus.
Main equations of mathematical physics. Theory of field. Elements of graph theory.
Main numerical methods. Methods of absolute optimization. Mathematical bases of theory
of probability, models of casual processes, checking of hypotheses, principle of maximum
plausibility, statistical methods of processing of experimental data.
Physics
Physical bases of classical mechanics. Physics of oscillations and waves.
Elements of mechanics of continuous media. Physical bases of quantum mechanics.
Physical bases of statistical physics. Physical bases of thermodynamics. Condensed material
condition. Phase balances and phase conversions. Electrostatistics. Stationary electromagnetic
phenomena. Magnetic characteristics of material. Maxwell equations. Electromagnetic waves.
Elements of zonal crystal theory. Elements of physical electronics. Wave optics. Quantum
optics. Elements of quantum electronics. Elements of atomic and molecular physics. Elements
of nucleus physics. Material in extreme condition. Modern physical picture of the world.
Chemistry
Main laws of chemistry. Equivalent. Mole mass. Law of equivalent. Solutions. General notions.
Expression of composition. Energy of chemical processes. Chemical facility. Chemical
thermodynamics. Chemical kinetics and balance. Le Shatelie principle. Catalytic processes.
Water, hydrogen, hydrogen energy. Natural waters, their processing. Closed water rotation.
Electrolytes and their usage. Electrolytic dissociation. Activity and power of solution.
Hydrolysis of salts. Degree of hydrolysis. Irreversibility. Importance of technology.
Oxidizing-restorative reactions. Their usage in technology and techniques. Corrosion of metal
and protection from it. Electrode potentials. Batteries. Electrolysis of fusion and electrolyte.
Main laws and their usage. Chemistry of metals and alloys. Metallic brace. Physiochemical
characteristics. New materials in power engineering. Dispersed systems. Stability and
coagulation. Processes of sorption. Colloidal solutions.
Informatics
Computer software, programming systems, programming languages, operating systems, computing
algorithms of solving of engineering problems, standard packages of subprograms, programming
of electrotechnical problems.
Mechanics
General principles of construction, calculation and reliable usage of technical systems.
Basic calculation of absolutely hard body as a model of mechanical object. Bases of kinematics
and dynamics of machines and mechanisms. Basic calculation of standard construction elements
by the main criteria of efficiency. Peculiarities of calculation, construction and reliable
usage of standard elements of machines.
Engineering graphics
Methods of projection. Point, straight lines, planes and polyhedrons on scheme. Positional
and metric problems. Ways of drawing transformation. Axonometric projections. Computer
graphics. United system of design documentation. Standards of ESKD. Types of product of
design documents. Designing of drawings. Elements of details’ geometries. Crossing of surfaces.
Types, cuts, sections. Images, indication of elements of details—openings, slots, elements
of strengthening. Thread. Fixing of sizes. Images of detail joining. Images of adjustment
units. Reading of schemes of general type. Construction of schemes.
Theoretical bases of electrotechnology
Physical laws of electrotechnology. Calculation methods of linear electric circuits.
Electric circuit of sinusoid current. Three-phase circuits of alternating current. Resonance
in electric circuits. Linear electric circuits of periodic non-sinusoid current. Connecting
processes in linear electric circuits. Quadrupoles and electric filters. Synthesis of linear
electric circuits. Electric circuits with portioned parameters. Nonlinear electric circuits.
Nonlinear magnetic circuits. Connecting processes in nonlinear circuits. Electrostatic field.
Electric field of direct currents. Magnetic field of direct currents. Variable electromagnetic
field.
Industrial electronics and information-calculating technology
Semiconductor devices—resistors, diodes, transistors, thyristors. Elements of optic electronics.
Integral microcircuits. Electronic amplifiers. Impulse and generator devices. Logical, combinat
ional devices and triggers. Bases of microprocessor technology. Uncontrolled rectifiers.
Operated rectifiers and driven network inverters. Regulators of alternating current.
Electromagnetic compatibility of valve converters. Managerial systems of valve converters.
Autonomous valve converters. Converters of frequency. Categorization of measurements.
Main accuracy features and classes of measurement facilities. Construction and action
principle of measuring instruments and converters. Registering of measuring instruments.
Measuring transformers of current and voltage. Self-recording devices of direct action.
Parameter measurement of passive elements of electric circuits. Measurement of active and
reactive power in circuits of direct current, single-phase and three-phase circuits of
alternating current. Measurement of temporary parameters. Form analysis of electric signal.
Measurement methods and facilities of non-electric values. Automation of measurements.
Information-measuring systems. Measuring-measuring complexes.
Electrotechnical materials
Main information about material construction, physics of hard body, gas and liquids.
Types of hard bodies and their characteristics. Dielectrics: polarization,
electroconductivity, dielectric loss, dielectric breakdown. Dielectric materials:
categorization, extracting, characteristics and using. Physiochemical and mechanical
characteristics of dielectrics. Conducting materials: categorization, main characteristics,
materials of high conductivity, contact materials, bimetals. Semiconductor materials.
Determination methods of conductivity type, extracting technology of semiconductor
product structures. Magnetic materials. Main features of low-frequency and high-frequency
soft magnetic materials, hard magnetic alloys.
Metrology and standardization
Bases of metrology. Processing of measurement results. General information about methods
and facilities of measurements. Metrological and supervision control of measurement means.
Metrological provision of production. Provision of measurement unity. Theoretical bases of
standardization. State system of standards. Standardization of scholastic and design
documentation. Certification of products, processes and services.
Measures for labor protection
Legislative acts in the field of labor protection. Industrial injuries. Categorization
and statistics. Industrial sanitation. Labor hygiene. Illumination. Noise and ultrasound.
Meteorological conditions in premises. Vibrations. Electromagnetic fields, ionizing and laser
radiation. Electro safety. Types of electro defeats and their causes. Defensive facilities.
Technical and organizing measures of safety provision in electro devices of different voltage.
Loading mechanisms. Containers under pressure. Fire safety. Fire protection and safety
measures. Combustion and cause of fire. Evacuation of people. Extinguishing facilities.
Electro equipment of flammable and explosive premises. Extinguishing in active electro devices.
Ventilation and counter-smoky protection of evacuation ways, its types and parameters.
Industrial economy
Power engineering in the system of public economy. Power system as a component of a
fuel-energy complex. Main and circulating funds in power engineering. Running costs.
Labor capacity. Pricing in power engineering. Methods of financial-economical calculation.
Energy resources and economy of their use. Bases of economy of energy consumption. Electric
station economy as the main element of power systems. Economy of transmission and distribution
of energy. Economy of unconventional sources of energy. Economy of forming the optimum
structure of the fuel-energy complex. Power-saving economy.
Organization of production and enterprise management
Management of production, distribution and consumption of energy. Arrangement of work
of power enterprises. Elaboration of programs for thermal electric power stations and power
systems. Organization of operative control in power engineering. Organization and planning
of repair and running works at enterprises. Account and economic analysis of
production-economic activity. Market mechanism of management. Organization of investment
activity in power engineering, sources of financing. Organization of energy facilities at
industrial enterprises. Regulation of energy consumption. Staff management. Economic and
mathematical models of choice of optimum management decisions.
Ecology
Biosphere, relations between society and environment, ecosystems, ecology and health,
ecological laws, global environmental problems, ecological principles of rational use of
natural resources and nature protection, protective technologies, bases of ecological law,
international cooperation in the field of environmental protection.
Protection of population in extreme situations and ecological safety. Danger for humans and
environment; safety in extreme situations; ecological safety of technical systems; protection
of population in extreme situations; stability and safety of objects of management; methods of
removing consequences of extreme situations; energy devices and ecological safety.
2. Cycle of special disciplines
Mathematical problems of power engineering.
Applied algorithms of linear algebra
and matrix calculus. Calculation of formed mode of power system. Applied algorithms
of common differential equations. Calculation of static and dynamic stability of power
system. Elements of mathematical logic. Computing and technical supplements of mathematical
logic. Synthesis of logical structure of algorithms. Estimation of algorithmic difficulties.
Thermotechnical processes and devices
Bases of technical thermodynamics and thermoexchange; bases of energy transformation
in thermo-technical devices; boiler devices, their thermo balance and efficiency;
steam-turbine and steam-gas-turbine devices, power regulation of turbines, their efficiency,
nucleus energy devices, types of thermo and atomic power stations, energy balance of HPS and
NPS, their heat schemes and efficiency.
Electric machines
Machines of direct current, operation principle, classification and constructive production.
Magnetic chain, operating characteristics. Reaction of an anchor and its account. Generators,
engines, reversibility principle. Commutation. Special types. Loss of power.
Transformers: operation principle, classification and constructive production. Main
equations. Work in various modes. Parallel work. Special types. Anisochronous machines:
operation principle, classification, constructive production. Energy and pie chart. Start
and speed regulation. Braking. Single-phase engine. Three-phase engine in a single-phase mode.
Synchronous machines: operation principle, classification and constructive production.
Main equations and vector diagram. Operating characteristics. Work in various modes.
Parallel work and synchronizing. Start. Synchronous engines and compensators. Regulation
of active and reactive power. Transient and supertransient resistances. Electrodynamic
efforts and moment at short circuits. Loss of power.
Electric systems and network
Electric network design; bases of air line calculation for mechanical toughness;
features and parameters of electric system elements; substitution schemes of lines and
transformers; analysis of electrotransmission modes with two sources of power; bases of
calculation methods of closed networks; technical economic bases of electric network designing;
building of network schemes, choice of voltage and wire section, working characteristics
of electric system objects; quality of electric power; regulation of frequency and active
power; regulation of voltage and reactive power; optimization of modes of electric systems
and networks.
|
 |
Electromagnetic transient processes
Types of short circuits; making of substitution schemes, system of relative units,
time change of the short circuit current; transient processes with symmetry preservation;
full and simplified equations of the electromagnetic transient process of a synchronous
machine; transient processes and break of symmetry; practical calculation methods of
symmetrical and asymmetrical short circuits, computer calculation of electromagnetic
transient processes.
Stability of electric systems
Statical stability of simple electric system; practical criteria of stability; dynamic
stability of electric system; area method; solution methods of equation of moving rotor
of generator; statical complex power systems with calculation of influence of excitation
and speed reductors; transient processes in loading knots; synchronous modes; increasing
stability methods of electric systems.
Electric part of power stations and substations
Technological process of getting electric energy; neutral modes of electric networks;
thermal and electrodynamic stability of current-conducting parts of electroequipment;
commutating devices; generators; power transformers; schemes of electric junction of power
stations and substations; measuring transformers; systems of measurement; control, signaling
and management; distributing devices; necessities of power stations; coordination of short
circuit current in electric systems.
Relay-type protection and automation of electric systems
Functional elements and characteristics of relay-type protection; types of damages and
abnormal modes; primary measuring signal converters; types of relay-type protection; protection
with relative selectivity for power lines; protection of power lines with absolute
selectivity; protection of generators, transformers and autotransformers, electric engines,
detachable tires; usage of microprocessor technology in relay-type protection; types of
automatic devices and their functions; automation power lines; automation of station and
substation elements; automatic regulation of frequency and active power, voltage and
reactive power; counteremergency system automation. Rules of formation and reading of
schemes of relay-type protection and automation.
High power technology
Types of electroequipment; external insulation of air lines and distributing devices;
insulation of cable lines; internal insulation of electroequipment; insulation tests;
counter lightening protection of power lines, substation equipment and revolving equipment
of machines; internal overvoltages in electric systems, coordination of insulation in
electric systems.
Ecology of power systems
Structure and development of power systems; system approach to estimation of power system
influence on environment; organic fuel of energounits and its interaction with environment;
influence of power stations, power lines and substations on environment; non-traditional
methods and devices of getting electric energy; methods and facilities of reduction of bad
influence of energy on environment; professional responsibility in the field of ecology.
3. Cycle of specialization disciplines
Specialization “Designing and usage of electric power systems”
Energy transfer
Main tendencies in the development of energy complex. Transport problem in formation of
energy complex. Comparison methods of energy transfer. Principles and methods of
power-economical calculation. Techno-economical factors of rail-traffic, main gas-mains,
oil pipeline transfer. Transfer of nuclear fuel, hydrogen.
Electronic transfer of energy. Techno-economical calculation of electricity transmission
systems. Main economic regularities of electricity transmission. Criteria and analysis
of techno-economical features of electrotransmission. Economical collation of electric
power transmission and transport of gas.
|
Exploitation of power systems
Normative documents on exploitation of power systems. Loading features, normal
and possible modes of generators, transformers, compensating devices of different types.
Management of frequency and active power in normal modes. Management of voltage modes.
Optimization of power flows in power systems. Ways of influence on power and energy loss.
Coordination and optimization of short circuit current. Overstrain protection, schemes of
storm protection. Counteremergency automation of power systems, principles of its building
and functioning. Organization of controlling management. Switching in power systems.
|
 |
Electricity transmission
Constructive peculiarities of powerful electric mains. Theoretical bases of electricity transmission. Main equations, characterizing modes of electricity transmission. Methods and peculiarities of modes. Increasing odes of reception capacity of electrotransmission. Special modes and actions upon their normalization.
Peculiarities of features and modes of different electrotransmission types: non-compensate, compensate, with intermediate substations, adjusted, opened and semi-opened of increased natural power, direct current, pulsing current.
Bases of electrotransmission designing.
Functioning peculiarities of powerful electric mains in electrical power systems.
Power systems designing
Organization and designing technology, initial designing information, types of information. Forecasting of loads and electroconsumption. Principles of system approach at optimization of power system development. Economic and mathematical models power system development.
Optimization models of power system development. Choice of energy sources. Power and energy balances. Optimization of structure and location of generating powers. Power reserves. Effectiveness of power system unification. Collaboration principles of united interstate power systems. Planning of reactive power balances. Approach to compensations of reactive power.
Optimization models of systemic electric networks. Scheme building, choice direction lines. Increasing means of reception capacity. Parameter optimization of adjusting devices. Control of electric power loss. Actions taken upon reduction of power and energy loss.
Perspective directions and technical decisions in power systems.
Problems of passing maximum and minimum loads in power systems. Development of generating power structure. Improvement of system features of generators. Energy collectors and area of their use.
Development and using of renewed energy sources.
New technical decisions of electric power transmission systems of increased reception capacity. Operated power lines. Working principle, schemes, parameters, application spheres.
Ways of increasing reliability, stability of power systems. Means of counteremergency automation, regulation and management, facilities and ways of compensation of reactive power.
Technical decisions in power lines of direct current and powerful cable electric mains.
Reliability of electric systems
Theory basis and methods to determine reliability. Reliability models of the main equipment and structure of electric systems.
Designing problems of electric system reliability. Choice of generating power reserves and their distribution. Choice of installed power of generator units of power systems and schemes of issuing power. Reliability account.
Reliability estimation of system networks and intersystem transmission.
System requirements for equipment and management reliability.
Working problems of electric systems and their solution. Vitality, diagnostics of equipment, controlling system in emergency conditions and extreme situations.
Specialization “Design, mounting and exploitation of electrical networks”
|
Design and calculation of mechanical part of power lines.
Design of wires, ropes, armature, insulation, unified bearings, ways to hang wires. Rated climatic conditions. The equation of a wire condition. Critical stairwells, critical temperature. Wire calculation in normal and emergency modes. “Dance”, wire vibration, protection from it. Ways of finding black ice. Means of its removal.
Calculation of bearing made of different material. Foundation types and principles of their choice. Designing of air electricity lines. Prospecting of route lines. Pore choice and its placement on route profile. Calculation of mounting arms of a dip. Calculation of transition through engineering structures. Choice of insulators and linear armature.
Design of cable lines. Conditions of laying, cable muffs, possible loads, shell protection from corrosion.
|
 |
Exploitation of electric networks
Organization of exploitation. Repair-production bases of electric networks. Requirements of technical exploitation rules. Main types of technical maintenance and repair of elements of air lines: wires, bearings, lightening-protection ropes, linear armature, insulation, contact grips and connectors, means of protection from atmospheric overvoltages. Methods of repair of lines under voltage.
Types of work on technical maintenance of cable lines. Preventive tests, ways of division of cable muffs, checkup of routes, determination of nature and place of damage of cable lines, means of shell protection of cables from corrosion. Peculiarities of usage of air cable lines.
Technical maintenance of power and measuring transformers, commutating devices: controlling parameters, rates, periods and amounts of preventive maintenance, measurement of parameters, repair.
Improvement and optimization of the system of technical maintenance and repair of electric networks. Normal and repair schemes of junctions of electric networks. Loading and overloading ability of elements of electric networks. Nature of consumer loads and modes of networks of different purpose. Operative control, operative switching. Increasing of reception capacity of working networks. Exploitation ways and means of reduction of energy loss in electric networks.
Automation of electric networks
Ways of collection, processing, transmission and accumulation of information. Information networks. Technical equipment of working places of controlling services, technical and controlling personnel. Application. Ways of realization and technical means of telesignalizing, telemeasurements, telecontrols. Automation of forecasting of loading graphs, calculation of network modes with use of databanks and current parameter measurements. Automation of calculation and analysis of electric power loss, consumer reckoning for electric power. Automation of account and analysis of electric element damage., planning of preventive and servicing work.
Automation of reservation of consumer supply. Sectioning of networks. Ways of automatic search of damages in networks with different modes of neutrality earthing.
|
Mounting and modernization of electric networks
Organization of construction of electric mains and substations. Technical documentation. Instruments and mechanisms for mounting and repair work. Building of foundation. Mounting and installation of bearings of airlines. Montage of wires, anti-lightening ropes, insulating elements, earthing devices.
Work on repair and modernization of air lines. Change of wires, insulators, discharges. Bearing correction. Coloring of bearings. Regulation of caving darts in wires.
Repair of foundations and earthings. Laying of cable lines in trenches, blocks, tunnels. Junction of cables. Montage of power and measuring transformers, commutating electroequipment. Montage of transformer substations of distributing electric networks. Building rates and rules. Acceptance-delivery test.
Security measures at mounting of power lines and main electroequipment of substations.
Ecological aspects of mounting and modernization of electric networks.
|
 |
Perspective branches and technical decisions in electric networks
New constructive decisions of air and cable lines and their elements, substations and their elements, compensating and adjusting devices. Development of automation, damage searching devices, reliability, economy, reception capacity, controllability, safety. Improvement of finding and black ice-removing means, line protection from birds and birds from lines, mounting and repair of network elements. Methods and means of diagnostics of technical condition of substation electroequipment, power lines and electric networks.
Reliability of electric networks
Leading indexes of reliability. Statistical calculation methods, analysis and control of reliability of electric networks. Principles of reliability account at technical-economic calculation of electric networks. Reliability of schemes of distributing devices, substations of different purpose, air and cable lines of electric mains. Reliability account at configuration and parameter choice of distributing electric networks and their elements. Estimation of operative flexibility of electric network schemes. Control of the state of equipment, organization of protective service and repair. Ways to increase reliability of electric networks and their elements in exploitation conditions.
Specialization “Controlling management of power systems and networks”
Information acquisition and technical facilities of automatic systems of controlling management. Ways and means of collecting processing, transferring and accumulating of information. Information networks. Technical equipment of working places of controlling services, technical and management personnel. Application spheres, ways of realization and technical facilities of telesignalizing, telemeasurement, telecontrol. Automation of loading graph forecasting, calculation of network modes with the use of databank and current measurements of parameters. Automation of calculation and analysis of electric power loss, consumer payment for electric power. Account and analysis automation, element damage of electric networks, planning of maintenance work and service of electroequipment.
Operative management in power systems
Information and technical control of power systems
Setting, functions and problems of ASDU and ASKUE. Types of telemechanical messages and system telemechanical requirements. Principles of transmission of telemechanical information. Information carriers. Principles of telecontrol, telemeasurement and telesignalizing processes. Slicing of analog signals. Purpose and principle of analog-to-digital converter. Coding of messages. Types of codes. Noiseproof codes. Purpose and types of modulation. Principles of modulator and demodulator functioning. Elements of Boolean algebra, used when producing logical integral microunits, technical realization of functions AND, OR, NOT, AND-NOT, OR-NOT. Purpose and principles of a coder and decoder functioning. Purpose and functioning principle of a numeral-analogue converter. Purpose and functioning principles of elements of telemechanical devices: registers, distributors, counters, summers, non-contact keys. Creation principles of a connection channel for transmission of telemechanical information. Channel compaction. Special connection lines for transmission of telemechanical information. Principles of organization of connection channels through high-tension lines. Principles of organization of connection channels by radio. Fiber-optic channels. Problems of noise-immunity of channels and telemechanical devices. Types of telemechanical transmission. Ways of an object choice when transmitting telemechanical information. Types and methods of signalizing. System TU-TS with the temporary signal division. System TU-TS with the frequency signal division. Code-impulse system of telemeasurement. Information sensors in a telemechanical system. Multi-microprocessor systems in telemechanics. Programmed logical controllers. Operative-informational complexes ASDU, SCADA-systems. Informational provision of ASDU and databases. |
 |
Technical and software provision of controlling management
Problems of controlling management. Information used when governing. Operative information-controlling complexes of ASDU. Technical means of OIUK and SCADA-systems. ASDU of distributing networks. Informational provision of ASDU. Means and methods of informational transmission. Data management. Programmed logical controllers. Network technologies.